This study aimed to examine and summarize clinical characteristics of Kawasaki disease (KD) at different ages to further strengthen clinicians understanding of children with KD, improving the level of diagnosis, and reducing coronary artery complications of KD. A total of 398 patients with KD who were diagnosed between January 2016 and December 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. These participants were allocated into three groups according to age: group A (<1 year, n=62), group B (≥1 and <5 years, n=286), and group C (≥5 years, n=50). Clinical manifestations, laboratory results, and echocardiographic findings were compared among the groups. Most (71.86%) patients with KD were aged 1-5 years. The prevalence of cervical lymphadenopathy was lowest in group A. The duration of fever before admission was longest in group A. The rate of cervical lymphadenopathy and laboratory data were different among the groups. Group A had higher frequencies of gastrointestinal involvement, neurological symptoms, and redness at the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin inoculation site than the other groups. Infants aged <1 year with KD often have a longer duration of fever before admission, a lower prevalence of cervical lymphadenopathy, and a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms.

ABSTRACT Spiders, as predators of insects and other invertebrates, are an important part of the natural enemies, and they are recognized as an important biological control agent. Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758), the diamondback moth (DBM), is a well-known and destructive insect pest of brassicaceous crops worldwide. Here, we analyzed the functional responses of four spiders (Araneae) - Ebrechtella tricuspidata (Fabricius, 1775) (Thomisidae), Pardosa laura (Karsch, 1879) (Lycosidae), Pardosa astrigera (Koch, 1878) (Lycosidae), and Pardosa pseudoannulata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Lycosidae) - on P. xylostella larvae. We also analyzed intraspecific disturbances in the predation reaction and the intensity of scrambling competition of the spiders to P. xylostella larvae. Our results demonstrated that the functional responses of four spiders of different genera were in line with the Holling II model. Two Lycosidae spiders (P. astrigera and P. pseudoannulata) had the potential to control P. xylostella, and female and male spiders that belonged to the same species had different functional responses to P. xylostella. The functional responses of female predation of P. astrigena, P. laura, and P. pseudoannulata was stronger than the males, but male E. tricuspidatus had stronger functional responses to predation than females. We used the Hassell model to describe the intraspecific disturbance experiments of four spiders. There were intraspecific disturbances in the predation reactions of spiders, indicating that the predation ratio of spiders decreased in relation to the increase of its density, and with the increase of spider density, the intensity of scrambling competition of the spider increased.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the associations of socioeconomic status and acculturation with obesity and lifestyle characteristics that may be risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease among low-income Puerto Rican women. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 1998 and 1999 by interviewing a convenience sample of 200 low-income Puerto Rican female caretakers of young children in Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America. Various recruitment methods were used to ensure adequate representation of the target community. The associations of obesity (body mass index > 30.0) and lifestyle factors (physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, food intake) with socioeconomic status (education, employment, car ownership), acculturation, age, and marital status were examined with Spearman rho, chi-squared, and Mann-Whitney U tests and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Mean age was 29 years. Obesity (40%), physical inactivity (47%), and cigarette smoking (32%) were common. Less acculturated participants were 57% less likely to smoke and 54% less likely to be obese than their more acculturated counterparts. Lower socioeconomic status (not finishing high school or not owning a car) was associated with a higher likelihood of obesity, but unemployed (vs. employed) women were less likely to be obese (P < 0.05). Women who did not own a car consumed meat, eggs and fish less often than those who owned a car. Smokers were more likely to have an unhealthy food intake pattern than nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS: The associations of acculturation and socioeconomic status with some lifestyle characteristics suggest the need for culturally appropriate programs to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors in this low-income community.

OBJETIVOS: Examinar las asociaciones entre el estado socioeconómico y la aculturación con las características del estilo de vida que podrían constituir factores de riesgo de diabetes y de enfermedades cardiovasculares en mujeres puertorriqueñas de bajos ingresos. MÉTODOS: Este estudio transversal se llevó a cabo entre 1998 y 1999 mediante entrevistas a una muestra de conveniencia compuesta de 200 mujeres puertorriqueñas de bajos ingresos que cuidaban a niños pequeños en Hartford, Connecticut, Estados Unidos de América. Se usaron diversas formas de reclutamiento para conseguir que hubiera una buena representación de la comunidad blanco. Las asociaciones entre la obesidad (índice de masa corporal > 30,0) y factores propios del estilo de vida (actividad física, tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol, alimentación) por un lado y la clase social (escolaridad, empleo, tenencia de un automóvil), aculturación, edad y estado civil por el otro se examinaron mediante la prueba de rho de Spearman, la de ji al cuadrado y la de la U de Mann-Whitney y análisis de regresión logística. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio fue de 29 años. La obesidad (40%), inactividad física (47%) y el tabaquismo (32%) fueron comunes. Las participantes con menos grado de aculturación fueron 57% menos propensas a ser fumadoras y 54% menos propensas a ser obesas que las que estaban más aculturadas. Pertenecer a una clase social más baja (no haber terminado la secundaria o no tener automóvil) se asoció con una mayor probabilidad de ser obesa, pero las mujeres sin trabajo (por oposición a las que sí lo tenían) mostraron menor propensión a ser obesas (P < 0,05). Las mujeres que no tenían automóvil consumían carne, huevos y pescado con menos frecuencia que las que sí lo tenían. Las fumadoras tenían más probabilidad de tener una alimentación malsana que las que no fumaban. CONCLUSIONES: Las asociaciones entre el grado de aculturación y el estado socioeconómico con algunas características del estilo de vida apuntan a la necesidad de crear programas apropiados desde el punto de vista cultural para promover conductas sanas en esta comunidad de bajos ingresos.